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SSH Two-Factor Authentication (2FA/MFA) for CentOS

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Linux CentOS Two-Factor Authentication (2FA/MFA) module provides a secure way to login into the linux desktop logins, remote or local linux SSH servers that enhance the security and makes the brute force attacks more difficult. Two Factor Authentication (2FA) or Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security to increase the identity assurance and reduce risk and exposure. The users will use their existing credentials (username and password) as their first factor of SSH and local authentication and then they will be prompted for entering the configured second factor type. miniOrange can connect to the on-premise AD (Active Directory) so that user will use their AD credentials to authenticate themselves for SSH and Linux Centos login. miniOrange Two Factor Authentication (2FA) module can be installed on Linux operating systems (CentOS, Ubuntu, etc.) to add Two-Factor or Multi-Factor authentication on the top of local and Remote SSH authentication.

Using the miniOrange CentOS MFA solution on SSH authentication and local login, you can configure 15+ MFA methods like Push Notification through miniOrange authenticator, and out of band methods like SMS and Email link to secure access for users. Checkout more about Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) here.

Step by step guide to enable CentOS MFA / 2FA for SSH and local login (Two/Multi Factor Authentication)

1. Adding app and policy for 2FA

• Login into miniOrange Admin Console.
• Go to Apps. Click on Add Application button.



• In Choose Application Type click on Create App button in Desktop application type.



• Click on Linux/Unix.



• Add App Name.



• Select Login Method as Password and Enable 2-Factor Authentication (MFA).

2. Select 2FA options

• Go to 2-Factor Authentication >> Choose 2FA Options for End User.
• Disable the methods you don’t want your users to configure or use for MFA




Note: Currently miniOrange only supports TOTP Methods (OTP OVER SMS, OTP OVER EMAIL, GOOGLE AUTHENTICATOR, MICROSOFT AUTHENTICATOR, AUTHY AUTHENTICATOR, YUBIKEY HARDWARE TOKEN ) for linux MFA.

3. Setup miniorange 2FA/MFA Provider for SSH authentication and CentOS Logon

• Download the script from here.
• Give the execute permissions to the script via running below command in the terminal.
chmod a+x ./centos_mfa.sh



• Run below command for 2FA configuration in the terminal as root user
./centos_mfa.sh install



• You will be asked for some configuration details. To fill in these details, login to your miniOrange admin account on Cloud or Onpremise.
• Click on the Settings icon on top right and select Product Settings.



• Copy the Customer Key and API key.



• Now, Go to Apps and copy the name of the Linux application created in step 1.



• Paste all these details in the terminal and press enter.

4. Test the Multi-factor authentication (MFA/2FA) Solution

• To test MFA, try to configure MFA on sudo operation
• Take the backup of /etc/pam.d/system-auth
cp /etc/pam.d/system-auth /etc/pam.d/system-auth.backup



• Edit system-auth file as below
1. Comment the line which contains pam_fprintd.so
2. Change sufficient to required in the line which contains pam_unix.so
3. Add the below line after pam_unix.so module
auth sufficient pam_google_authenticator.so user=root secret=/etc/.miniorange_configuration nullok debug




• To test it you can open a new terminal window and try sudo su. After you enter Password, it will ask for the Multi factor Authentication Code.



• MFA module is successfully configured, you are now able to login on the Desktop with an MFA.



• If you enter the correct password it should prompt for the OTP.

5. Configure Multi Factor on Login Screen

• If the test configuration is successful then you can configure MFA on login screen
• Take the backup of the gdm-password file. Run below.
cp /etc/pam.d/pdm-password /etc/pam.d/pdm-password.backup

• Open /etc/pam.d/gdm-password
• Add the below line after password-auth module
auth sufficient pam_google_authenticator.so user=root secret=/etc/.miniorange_configuration nullok debug

6. Configure Your User Directory (Optional)

miniOrange provides user authentication from various external sources, which can be Directories (like ADFS, Microsoft Active Directory, Azure AD, OpenLDAP, Google, AWS Cognito etc), Identity Providers (like Okta, Shibboleth, Ping, OneLogin, KeyCloak), Databases (like MySQL, Maria DB, PostgreSQL) and many more. You can configure your existing directory/user store or add users in miniOrange.

• Setup miniOrange as IDP
• Setup AD as User Directory
• Setup External IDP

• To add your users in miniOrange there are 2 ways:

1. Create User in miniOrange

2. Bulk Upload Users

1. Create User in miniOrange

• Click on Users >> User List >> Add User.



• Here, fill the user details without the password and then click on the Create User button.



• After successful user creation a notification message "An end user is added successfully" will be displayed at the top of the dashboard.



• Click on On Boarding Status tab. Check the email, with the registered e-mail id and select action Send Activation Mail with Password Reset Link from Select Action dropdown list and then click on Apply button.



• Now, Open your email id. Open the mail you get from miniOrange and then click on the link to set your account password.
• On the next screen, enter the password and confirm password and then click on the Single Sign-On (SSO) reset password button.



• Now, you can log in into miniOrange account by entering your credentials.

2. Bulk Upload Users in miniOrange via Uploading CSV File.

• Navigate to Users >> User List. Click on Add User button.



• In Bulk User Registration Download sample csv format from our console and edit this csv file according to the instructions.



• To bulk upload users, choose the file make sure it is in comma separated .csv file format then click on Upload.



• After uploading the csv file successfully, you will see a success message with a link.
• Click on that link you will see list of users to send activation mail. Select users to send activation mail and click on Send Activation Mail. An activation mail will be sent to the selected users.

• Click on External Directories >> Add Directory in the left menu of the dashboard.



• Select Directory type as AD/LDAP.



1. STORE LDAP CONFIGURATION IN MINIORANGE: Choose this option if you want to keep your configuration in miniOrange. If active directory is behind a firewall, you will need to open the firewall to allow incoming requests to your AD.
2. STORE LDAP CONFIGURATION ON PREMISE: Choose this option if you want to keep your configuration in your premise and only allow access to AD inside premises. You will have to download and install miniOrange gateway in your premise.




• Enter LDAP Display Name and LDAP Identifier name.
• Select Directory Type as Active Directory.
• Enter the LDAP Server URL or IP Address against LDAP Server URL field.
• Click on Test Connection button to verify if you have made a successful connection with your LDAP server.



• In Active Directory, go to the properties of user containers/OU's and search for Distinguished Name attribute.



• Enter the valid Bind account Password.
• Click on Test Bind Account Credentials button to verify your LDAP Bind credentials for LDAP connection.



• Search Base is the location in the directory where the search for a user begins. You will get this from the same place you got your Distinguished name.



• Select a suitable Search filter from the drop down menu. To use custom Search Filter select "Write your Custom Filter" option and customize it accordingly.



• You can also configure following options while setting up AD. Enable Activate LDAP in order to authenticate users from AD/LDAP. Click on the Save button to add user store.




Here's the list of the attributes and what it does when we enable it. You can enable/disable accordingly.

Attribute	Description
Activate LDAP	All user authentications will be done with LDAP credentials if you Activate it
Sync users in miniOrange	Users will be created in miniOrange after authentication with LDAP
Fallback Authentication	If LDAP credentials fail then user will be authenticated through miniOrange
Allow users to change password	This allows your users to change their password. It updates the new credentials in your LDAP server
Enable administrator login	On enabling this, your miniOrange Administrator login authenticates using your LDAP server
Show IdP to users	If you enable this option, this IdP will be visible to users
Send Configured Attributes	If you enable this option, then only the attributes configured below will be sent in attributes at the time of login



• Click on Save. After this, it will show you the list of User stores. Click on Test Connection to check whether you have enter valid details. For that, it will ask for username and password.



• On Successful connection with LDAP Server, a success message is shown.
• Click on Test Attribute Mapping.



• Enter a valid Username. Then, click on Test. Mapped Attributes corresponding to the user are fetched.



• After successful Attribute Mapping Configuration, go back to the ldap configuration and enable Activate LDAP in order to authenticate users from AD/LDAP.

Refer our guide to setup LDAPS on windows server.

User Import and Provisioning from AD

• Go to Settings >> Product Settings in the Customer Admin Account.



• Enable the "Enable User Auto Registration" option and click Save.



• (Optional) To send a welcome email to all the end users that will be imported, enable the "Enable sending Welcome Emails after user registration" option and click Save.



• From the Left-Side menu of the dashboard select Provisioning.



• In Setup Provisioning tab select Active Directory in the Select Application Drop Down.
• Toggle the Import Users tab, click on Save button.



• On the same section, switch to Import Users section.
• Select Active Directory from the dropdown and click on the Import Users tab, to import all the users from Active Directory to miniOrange.



• You can view all the Users you have imports by selecting Users >> User List from Left Panel.



• All the imported users will be auto registered.
• These groups will be helpful in adding multiple 2FA policies on the applications.

miniOrange integrates with various external user sources such as directories, identity providers, and etc.

• Okta
• ADFS
• Ping
• AWS Cognito
• Many more

Not able to find your IdP or Need help setting it up?

Contact us or email us at idpsupport@xecurify.com and we'll help you setting it up in no time.

Further References

• What is Multi factor authentication (MFA / 2FA)?
• Setup MFA for Windows Logon and RDP
• Setup Linux MFA for SSH authentication
• Setup Ubuntu MFA for local login SSH authentication
• Setup MFA for RD Gateway
• What is Adaptive Authentication and Adaptive MFA?