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Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for ChromeOS

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ChromeOS 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication) or Multi-Factor Authentication is the process of secure Authentication in which a user or an organizational employee have to provide two factors to gain the access to ChromeOS. ChromeOS Two-Factor Authentication starts with user submitting his traditional username and password. Once user successfully gets authenticated with the 1st step verification, configured 2FA (OTP over SMS, Push Notifications, Google Authenticator etc) method prompts on for 2nd-step verification. After successfully authenticating with both of the steps a user is granted with the access to the ChromeOS. This additional verification layer prevents the unauthorized person from accessing the resources even if cyber attackers get to know your credentials.
miniorange provides 15+ authentication methods and solutions for various use cases. It allows users and organization to setup certain authentication and settings which includes password restrictions, restricting sign-in methods, as well as other security settings. miniorange also make way for authentication apps that support Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) Google Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator, Authy 2-Factor authentication app and our own miniorange Authenticator app.

Follow the Step-by-Step Guide given below for ChromeOS Single Sign-On (SSO)

1. Configure Google Apps in miniOrange

• Login into miniOrange Admin Console.
• Go to Apps and click on Add Application button.



• In Choose Application Type click on SAML/WS-FED application type.



• Search for Google Apps in the list, if you don't find Google Apps in the list then, search for custom and you can set up your application via Custom SAML App.

SP Entity ID or Issuer:	google.com
ACS URL:	https://www.google.com/a/[domain_name]/acs
SIngle Logout URL:	https://mail.google.com/a/out/tld/?logout
Name ID:	E-mail Address



• Enter the Domain Administrator in Google Apps (G Suite) Administrator field and click on "Verify Google Apps Administrator" to verify if the domain entered is of administrator (this is an optional field).
• Leave the Attributes section empty.



• Go to the Add Policy and select DEFAULT from the Group Name dropdown.
• Now enter the name for your app authentication policy in the Policy Name field.
• Select PASSWORD from the First Factor Type dropdown.
• Click on Save to add Google Apps (G Suite).



• Click on Metadata link to download the metadata which will be required later. Click on Link to see the IDP initiated SSO link for Google Apps (G Suite).



• Keep SAML Login URL , SAML Logout URL and click on the Download Certificate button which you will require in Step 2.

2. Configure SSO in ChromeOS

• Now login to Google Admin Console and Select Security Tab from Admin Console.
• From listed options select Set Up Single Sign-On (SSO) with a third party idp.



• Enable Setup SSO with third party identity provider checkbox.
• Enter Sign-In Page URL: SAML Login URL from Step 1.
• Enter Sign-Out Page URL: < Base Server Url > /idp/oidc/logout?post_logout_redirect_uri=https://gmail.com
  Example: https://login.xecurify.com/moas/idp/oidc/logout?post_logout_redirect_uri=https://gmail.com
  
• Upload the certificate (by clicking on Replace Certificate link) that was downloaded earlier in Step 1.
• Enter Change Password URL: SAML Login URL from Step 1.
• Save the settings.
• From the Google Admin console Home page, go to Devices > Chrome.
• On the left, click Settings > Users & browsers.
• To apply the setting to all devices, leave the top organizational unit selected. Otherwise, select a child organizational unit.
• Under Single sign-on, select Enable SAML-based single sign-on for Chrome devices from the list.
• Click Save.

To allow single sign-on users to log in to internal websites and cloud services that rely on the same IdP on subsequent sign-ins to their device, you can enable SAML SSO cookies.(optional)



• From the Google Admin console Home page, go to Devices > Chrome.
• On the left, click Settings > Device.
• To apply the setting to all devices, leave the top organizational unit selected. Otherwise, select a child organizational unit.
• Under Single sign-on cookie behavior, select Enable transfer of SAML SSO cookies into user session during sign-in from the list.
• Click Save.

3. Configure 2FA for Google Apps

3.1: Enable 2FA for Users of Google Apps app

• To enable 2FA for Users of Google Apps application. Go to Policies >> App Authentication Policy
• Click on Edit against the application you have configured.



• Enable the Enable 2-Factor Authentication (MFA) option.



• Click on Save.

3.2: Configure 2FA for your Endusers

• To enable 2FA/MFA for endusers, go to 2-Factor Authentication >> 2FA Options For EndUsers.
• Select default Two-Factor authentication method for end users. Also, you can select particular 2FA methods, which you want to show on the end users dashboard.
• Once Done with the settings, click on Save to configure your 2FA settings.




3.3: Enduser 2FA Setup

• Login to End-User Dashboard using end user login URL.
• For Cloud Version: The login URL (branding url) which you have set.
• For On-Premise version: The login URL will be the same as of Admin Login URL.
• Select Setup 2FA from left panel. Then select any of the 2FA method available.
• For now, we have selected the SMS >> OTP OVER SMS as our 2FA method. You can explore the guide to setup other 2FA methods here.
• Enable the OTP over SMS if you have your phone number added under your profile section else click on Edit button.



• Enter you Phone Number along with the necessary country code and click on the SAVE button.




4. Login with miniOrange

• Go to your Google Apps Domain. It will redirect you to miniOrange Single Sign-On Service console.



• Enter your miniOrange login credentials and click on Login.
• Since we have Two-factor authentication(2FA) enabled, you will be prompted to register for it. It's a one time process.
• Configure your basic details.



• Configure any authentication method of your choice.



• After successful registration, you will be logged in to your Google Apps account.
• Now we have Two-factor authentication enabled.
• To verify your Two-factor authentication(2FA) configuration, go to your Google Apps Domain. You will be redirected to miniOrange login console.



• Enter your login credentials, and click on login. It will prompt to verify yourself against the configured 2fa method.
  e.g. If you have configured OTP over SMS, after login into Google Apps it will prompt for OTP.



• Enter the OTP received in your phone, after successful 2fa verification, you will be redirected to the Google Apps dashboard.

5. Adaptive Authentication with Google Apps

A. Restricting access to Google Apps with IP Blocking

You can use adaptive authentication with Google Apps Single Sign-On (SSO) to improve the security and functionality of Single Sign-On. You can allow a IP Address in certain range for SSO or you can deny it based your requirements and you can also challenge the user to verify his authenticity. Adaptive authentication manages the user authentication bases on different factors such as Device ID, Location, Time of Access, IP Address and many more.

You can configure Adaptive Authentication with IP Blocking in following way:

• Login to Self Service Console >> Adaptive Authentication.
• Add a Policy Name for your Adaptive Authentication Policy.



• Select your Action for behavior Change and Challenge Type for user from the Action for behavior Change Section.





Action for behavior Change Options :




Attribute	Description
Allow	Allow user to authenticate and use services if Adaptive authentication condition is true.
Challenge	Challenge users with one of the three methods mentioned below for verifying user authenticity.
Deny	Deny user authentications and access to services if Adaptive authentication condition is true.




Challenge Type Options :




Attribute	Description
User second Factor	The User needs to authenticate using the second factor he has opted or assigned for such as OTP over SMS PUSH Notification OTP over Email And 12 more methods.
KBA (Knowledge-based authentication)	The System will ask user for 2 of 3 questions he has configured in his Self Service Console. Only after right answer to both questions user is allowed to proceed further.
OTP over Alternate Email	User will receive a OTP on the alternate email he has configured threw Self Service Console. Once user provides the correct OTP he is allowed to proceed further.



• Now Enable Enable IP Restriction option from the IP RESTRICTION CONFIGURATION section to configure custom IP range.



• Select the Action you want to perform if the IP address is out of the range. i.e. Allow, Challenge & Deny.
• Specify the IP Address range for which you want above setting to reflect. You can add more than one IP Address ranges by clicking on following button +.
• Scroll to the end and click on save.



B. Adaptive Authentication with Limiting number of devices.

Using Adaptive Authentication you can also restrict the number of devices the end user can access the Services on. You can allow end users to access services on a fixed no. of devices. The end users will be able to access services provided by us on this fixed no. of devices.

You can configure Adaptive Authentication with Device Restriction in following way


• Login to Self Service Console >> Adaptive Authentication.
• Add a Policy Name for your Adaptive Authentication Policy.
• Select your Action for behavior Change and Challenge Type for user from the Action for behavior Change Section.




• Scroll down to Device Configuration section and enable Allow User to Register Device option to allow users to register their devices.
• Enter the Number of Devices which are allowed to register in field next to Number of Device Registrations Allowed
• Choose Action if number of devices exceeded (This will override your setting for Action for behavior Change.)
1. Challenge: The user needs to verify himself using any of the three methods mentioned in table in step 5.1
2. Deny : Deny users access to the system
• Enable option Send email alerts to Users if number of Device registrations exceeded allowed count if you want to alert the user about no of devices exceeding the limit. Save the configuration.





C. Add Adaptive Authentication policy to Google Apps.

• Login to Self Service Console >> Policies.
• Click on Edit option for predefined app policy.



• Set your application name in the Application and select password as Login Method.
• Enable Adaptive Authentication on Policy page and select the required restriction method as an option.
• From Select Login Policy dropdown select the policy we created in last step and click on save.




D.Notification and Alert Message.

This section handles the notifications and alerts related to Adaptive Authentication.It provides the following options :

• Get email alerts if users login from unknown devices or locations : Admin need to enable this option to enable receiving alerts for different alert options.
  
  
  

Option	Description
Challenge Completed and Device Registered	Enabling this option allows you to send an email alert when an end-user completes a challenge and registers a device.
Challenge Completed but Device Not Registered	Enabling this option allows you to send an email alert when an end-user completes a challenge but do not registers the device.
Challenge Failed	Enabling this option allows you to send an email alert when an end-user fails to complete the challenge.






• Next subsection is Send email alerts which allows us to enable or disable alerts for admin and end-users. To enable alerts for admins, you can enable the “Administrators” switch button.




• In case you want multiple admins accounts to receive alerts then you can enable the option for admin and then enter the admin emails separated by a ‘,’ in the input field next to Administrators email to receive alerts label. To enable alerts for the end-users, you can enable the “End Users” switch button.
• In case you want to customize the deny message that end user receive in case his authentication denied due to adaptive policy, you can do this by entering the message inside “Deny message for Adaptive Authentication” text box.


How to add a trusted Device

1. When End-user log in to the self service console after the policy for device restriction is on, he is provided the option to add the current device as a trusted device.



External References

• Know more about Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
  
• Looking for SSO and 2FA around other Google Apps
  
• Configure SAML SSO for ChromeOS devices